The etiquette and responsibilities of concert audiences

Earlier this week, at a solo piano recital in the Wigmore Hall, London, a man near to where I was seated started complaining in the interval about how poor he thought the performer was. His statements were apparently unsolicited. The people seated either side of him disagreed with his view, and asked him to be more specific. This occurred as people were returning to their seats at the end of the interval, and he could be heard several rows away.

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Concert Concat 2024

This post is one in a sequence which lists (mostly) live music I have heard, as best as memory allows. I write to have a record of my musical experiences and these entries are intended as postcards from me to my future self. All opinions are personal. Other posts in this collection can be found here. The most recent prior post in this sequence is here.

  • Krius String Quartet to an afternoon audience of about 70 people in St Marylebone Parish Church, Marylebone, London on Friday 4 October 2024. The quartet comprises Alfie Weinberg (v), Louis Solon (v), Theo Hayward (va), and Frederick Carter (c), all students at the Royal Academy across the road. The programme was:

    • Haydn: String Quartet, Op. 54 No. 2
    • Puccini: Crisantemi
    • Cohen: Hallelujah
    • Electric Light Orchestra: Mr Blue Sky

    This Church has a very high ceiling, and I thought the sound tended to become lost in the vast space. The concert was billed as informal, and some audience members were moved by what they heard to react, in words or in bodily motions. The audience applauded with enthusiasm after every movement and seemed to appreciate most the last two numbers, perhaps because they recognized the theme tunes. The audience reactions were invariably warm and positive, and I found this very charming.

    The musical performance by Krius was excellent and I enjoyed the concert immensely. The Haydn quartet was new to me, and I was particularly touched by the slow movement and its melancholic chords and descant melodic line. The precision of intonation and co-ordination of Krius as an ensemble were excellent throughout, and they are a string quartet to watch out for!

    After I left the concert, immediately outside the church I crossed at the green walk signal, and came within inches of being killed by a car running a red light. If I had died then, this concert would have been the last I heard (at least in this life). I have since been thinking a great deal about this.

  • Pavel Kolesnikov and Samson Tsoy in a two-piano recital to a sold-out Wigmore Hall on Friday 4 October 2024. This was an outstanding and very moving lunchtime recital consisting of preludes and fugues of JS Bach and of Dmitri Shostakovich, interleaved with one another. The printed programme listed:

    Dmitry Shostakovich: Prelude and Fugue in C major Op. 87 (1950-1)
    JS Bach: Prelude and Fugue in G minor from WTC II BWV885 (c.1740)
    Shostakovich: Prelude and Fugue in D Op. 87
    Bach: Prelude and Fugue in D minor from WTC II BWV875
    Shostakovich: Prelude and Fugue in D minor Op. 87
    Bach: Prelude and Fugue in G minor from WTC I BWV861 (1722)
    Shostakovich: Prelude in C sharp minor Op. 87
    Bach: Fugue in C sharp minor from WTC I BWV849
    Bach: Prelude in E flat from WTC I BWV852
    Shostakovich: Fugue in E flat Op. 87
    Shostakovich: Prelude and Fugue in G minor Op. 87
    Bach: Prelude and Fugue in C from WTC I BWV846.

    The pianists played one encore, a Bach chorale arranged for four hands on one piano. Sitting together at one piano seemed a very fitting end to a concert of such back-and-forth interplay.

    Most of us westerners have a linear model of time, with people and events in the past able to influence those in the present and future, but not the reverse. We would therefore, most of us, think of Bach influencing Shostakovich, and Shostakovich choosing Bach as an influence, or at least not resisting this influence. Bach is essentially passive in this exchange.

    Cultures with a different model of time, however, such as indigenous Australian cultures, who think of different eras or generations being overlayed, or stacked, over the same geographic location to which they are linked, allow for influences to travel in all directions – forwards, backwards and diagonally. In this view, Bach has actively chosen who will be influenced by him, through the particular music he has written.

    This may seem a strange notion, but since the WWW, we are actually quite familiar with it. Web 2.0 not only allowed people with similar interests to find each other, it helped create these groups of like-minded people, no matter where they were. If someone starts a weblog about language, such as Language Log, people interested in that topic will read and, many of them, comment on the posts. In time, this will create a community of people interested in, and increasingly expert on, the topic of the blog. The community will develop its own norms of behavior, its own assumptions and common forms of reasoning, and its own shibboleths and sometimes enemies. They will do this without being in the one place, or being online at the same time, or even being alive at the same time. As an example of such assumptions, the focus of Language Log, for instance, is almost entirely on the forms and syntax of human language, and only rarely on its semantics or pragmatics.

    Similarly, Bach’s music has created, through the centuries, a community of people who it communicates to, people who appreciate its musical sounds and its musical forms, who understand its meanings (or wish to), and who respond, in different ways, to it. This community is spread over geography, over time, and over musical abilities. Bach has, by writing his music in the ways he did, actively selected the people who will be influenced by it. They are not, usually, people who like the waltzes of Johann Strauss Jr, for example.

    So Bach is not, in fact, passive in this exchange. Has his music also been influenced by later composers? Certainly, as I have pointed out before, the music of later composers can change how we listen to the music of earlier composers, so that, for example, depending on the context and the interpretation, Bach can sound like Ligeti. Something similar happened in this concert – hearing Bach interleaved with Shostakovich allowed us to hear the influences between the two composers in both directions. For me, this was a profoundly moving experience, and it will take some time to absorb its full intellectual and emotional consequences.

    The back-and-forth nature of the performance also led me, as a computer scientist, to think of Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé Games. I will explore these ideas in a further post.

  • The Somerset Piano Trio (Warren Mailley Smith, p, Jenny Sacha, v, and Kirsten Jenson, c) playing to about 50 people at St Mary-Le-Strand Church, London on Thursday 26 September 2024. This was a masterful performance through the darkening gloom of the church, of two fine piano trios:
    • Beethoven: Piano Trio Op. 1 No. 1 in E flat
    • Schubert: Piano Trio in B flat
  • London Firebird Orchestra with violinist Charlotte Saluste-Bridoux under George Jackson at St George’s Church, Hanover Square, London on Tuesday 24 September 2024. The program comprised just two works:
    • Beethoven: Violin Concerto
    • Mozart: Symphony No. 41 (Jupiter)

    A great concert, with superb, polished performances by Ms Saluste-Bridoux and the Firebird orchestra to a full church. The wonderful acoustics of the church compensate for the extreme discomfort of sitting on the hard, wooden pews.

    The cadenzas for the Beethoven were ones which I had not heard before, and they had a distinct twentieth-century feel. I understand they were written by Alfred Schnittke (Movements 1 and 3) and Gidon Kremer (Movement 2). The (novel) entry of the strings near the end of Schnittke’s third movement cadenza was magical – a sequence of shimmering discords that ascended, ratcheting up the tension as they rose in pitch. The choice of these particular cadenzas was inspired, and added immensely to the performance. (HT: CSB)

    As often with the Jupiter, the contrapuntal exuberance of the final movement energized me immensely, to the point where I felt capable of running after strangers on St George Street to tell them how superb this performance had been, and how much I wished I’d been a musician!

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Loud Living in Cambridge

I was most fortunate this week to hear Jan Lisiecki in an outstanding recital at the West Road Concert Hall, Department of Music, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, on 26 February 2024, in a concert sponsored by Camerata Musica Cambridge. West Road Hall is a fine modern hall with very nice acoustics, and was fully packed. The hall management turned off the lights over the audience (as in a theatre), which should happen more often. Perhaps that darkness helped create the atmosphere of great seriousness this performance had. I later learnt that this recital was the twelfth time in the series that Mr Lisiecki had played the Preludes program.

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Transcendent music

Some years ago, I compiled a list of purposes that may motivate composers, performers or listeners of music, under the heading What is music for?

An objective that may motivate many performers is that of reaching a transcendent state, as the Russian-Israeli pianist Boris Giltburg, describes here. His blog post was written after he had performed all five Beethoven Piano Concertos with the Brussels Philharmonic (under Thierry Fischer) across three evenings, in February 2020 (blog entry of 18 February 2020):

The high point for me was No. 4, during which I experienced something which until now I’ve only felt while playing Russian music: a kind of floating, when your brain disengages or splits in two. One (small) part is alert and following the performance, and perhaps directs the musical flow a little bit, the other (much larger) part is completely sunk into the music, experiencing it in a kind of visceral, instinctive way which precludes logical thinking and seems wired directly to your deepest feelings, without any buffers or defenses. After that concerto I was drained, bewildered, exhilarated – a complete mess. But what an unforgettable night.”

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Concert Concat 2

This post is one in a sequence which lists live music I have heard, as best my memory allows, from the Pandemic onwards. I will update this as time permits. In some cases, I am also motivated to write about what I heard.

Other posts in this collection can be found here.

  • Ariel Lanyi – piano recital at the Wigmore Hall, London, 27 December 2023. The program was:
    • Beethoven: Sonata #2 in A, Op 2 No 2 (1794-5)
    • Franck: Prelude, Aria et Final (1887)
    • R. Schumann: Etudes Symphoniques Op 13 (with posthumous etudes) (1834-7)

    A very refined performance to a house about 3/4 full. Many people seemed to know each other. I was not able to stay for the Schumann.

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Concert Halls

Herewith a list of concert halls and music performance venues in which I have been fortunate to experience musical performances (excluding working Churches).

  • The Barbican Concert Hall, London
  • Bridgewater Hall, Manchester
  • Brisbane City Hall, Brisbane
  • Cadogan Hall, London
  • Casino Civic Hall, Casino, NSW
  • City Recital Hall, Sydney
  • Performance Space, College Building, City University of London, UK
  • Sir John Clancy Auditorium, University of New South Wales, Sydney
  • Ballroom, Corinthia Hotel, London
  • Salle de Flagey, Brussels
  • Salle Gaveau, Paris
  • Hamburgische Staatsoper, Hamburg
  • Hamer Concert Hall, Melbourne
  • Ipswich Civic Hall, Ipswich, Queensland
  • King’s Place, London
  • Leggate Theatre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
  • Leighton House, Holland Park, London
  • City Hall, Lismore, NSW
  • Llewellyn Hall, Canberra School of Music, Canberra, ACT
  • LSO St Luke’s, London
  • Auditorium, Maison de la Radio et de la Musique, Paris
  • Matthäuskirche, Munich, Germany
  • Melba Hall, Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, Melbourne
  • Milton Court Concert Hall, Guildhall School of Music, London
  • Old Museum Concert Hall, Brisbane
  • Studio 1, Old Museum Building, Brisbane
  • Auditorium, St Joseph’s Nudgee College, Nudgee, Brisbane
  • Pamoja Concert Hall, Sevenoaks School, Sevenoaks, Kent UK
  • Purcell Room, South Bank Centre, London
  • Queen Elizabeth Hall, South Bank Centre, London
  • Concert Hall, Queensland Performing Arts Centre, Southbank, Brisbane
  • Regent Hall (Salvation Army Centre), Oxford Street, London
  • Duke’s Hall, Royal Academy of Music, London
  • Royal Albert Hall, London
  • Elgar Room, Royal Albert Hall, London
  • Amaryllis Fleming Concert Hall, Royal College of Music, London
  • Carne Room (aka East Parry Room), Royal College of Music, London
  • Performance Hall, Royal College of Music, London
  • Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London
  • Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool
  • Concert Hall, Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester
  • Golden Concert Room, St George’s Hall, Liverpool
  • Recital Hall, Seoul Arts Centre, Seoul
  • Seymour Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
  • State Theatre, Sydney
  • Steinway Hall, London
  • Concert Hall, Sydney Opera House
  • Opera Theatre, Sydney Opera House
  • Sydney Town Hall, Sydney
  • Tanglewood, MA
  • Theatre des Champs Elysees, Paris
  • Tyalgum Literary Institute Hall, Tyalgum, NSW
  • Verbrugghen Hall, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Sydney
  • West Road Concert Hall, Department of Music, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • Wigmore Hall, London

Female composers

Several newspapers have recently carried reviews of a new book presented short biographies of 8 female composers (Beer 2016). It is certainly true that female composers have suffered from misogyny, and probably still do. But the situation is more subtle than it may appear at first.  The discrimination may arise because composers such as Fanny Hensel (neé Mendelssohn) wrote mostly for small-scale, intimate forms, such as lieder and solo piano.  Hensel wrote no operas or concertos or symphonies, as far as I know.   Since the industrial revolution our society, one could argue, has favoured the grand and the grandiose, so anyone who writes only in small forms is ignored.   This is true even of male composers:  Hugo Wolf, who wrote art song, is unjustly overlooked, for instance.   (This bias for the big and bombastic could also be a strongly male one.)

Against this argument that composers need to go large or be ignored, one could cite the case of nineteenth century French composer Louise Farrenc, who wrote symphonies and full-length chamber works (indeed, very good ones), yet still was ignored by the musical establishment. Despite her music being as good as Schumann’s or Mendelssohn’s, she still is ignored. Even Beer does not, apparently, profile her.

Hensel’s brother, Felix, was a symphonist and composer of overtures who audibly honed his technical craft writing a dozen string symphonies for the pick-up orchestra his mother assembled for the family’s weekly salon concerts each Sunday afternoon in Berlin. Very few women composers have had such an advantage, which perhaps explains something of Felix Mendelssohn’s comparative abilities. But Fanny Mendelssohn certainly had access to this resource. What explains her failure to write for it? Was it some pressure in the family, or just in herself? Did their parents, perhaps unconsciously and subtly, expect Felix to write pieces for the family salons, but not expect Fanny to do so? Was it a matter of social and class expectations of gender roles which the family had internalised? Or was Fanny simply lacking in confidence? She once wrote a song to secretly communicate her love for the man who later became her husband at a time when her parents refused to allow the pair to meet or write letters, so it seems she could disobey the spirit of any explicit family imposition, if not the letter.

Or are we looking in the wrong place entirely here? The Mendelssohns’ father and his brothers were bankers. Felix’s father took him to Paris as a teenager to meet Cherubini explicitly to assess whether the boy had a future as a composer. It is easy to imagine that his father wanted him to follow in the family bank, so perhaps Felix had to fight to get to be a composer. It was not, perhaps, that the family discouraged Fanny in particular from a career as a composer but that both children were thus discouraged, but only Felix resisted this pressure. To be honest, however, Felix’s published letters (in English) do not reveal any such discouragement from their parents, although these were bowdlerized.

Reference:
Anna Beer [2016]: Sounds and Sweet Airs: The Forgotten Women of Classical Music. Oneworld, London, UK.

A great Norwegian Messiah

Until this month, the best performance of the Messiah I ever heard was in 2011, an event I recorded here. I have now heard its equal.

This latest Messiah was performed on 19 December 2014 by The BBC Singers and the Norwegian Wind Ensemble, in an arrangement by Stian Aareskjold, under David Hill (conductor), with Fflur Wyn (soprano), Robin Blaze (counter-tenor), Samuel Boden (tenor) and Mark Stone (bass), in Temple Church, as part of Temple Winter Festival.

My heart sank when I first saw that the music had been arranged for wind-band, since groups of woodwinds, so often shrill and ineffectual, are not my favourite ensembles. But in fact this version turned out to be a wonderful arrangement and was realized in a thrilling performance. The secret, I think, was that the ensemble included a double bass and cello, some marvelous natural horns and three sackbuts, and, most spectacularly, saxophones. The solo for soprano sax in “O Thou That Tellest” played by Kristin Haagensen was just superb. That solo soared, as so did the saxes on “Surely He Hath Borne our Griefs and with His Stripes we are Healed”. A modern Briton, of course, cannot easily hear baroque music played by saxophones without thinking of Michael Nyman, and, just as with his great music, this was a truly sublime experience. The trombones in “He Trusted in God” were also inspired. Mr Aareskjold should be congratulated on this arrangement, and I hope it is soon recorded.

In addition, the performance rocked, and often literally. I was sitting as close to the orchestra as I could possibly get, and even had the two baroque trumpeters between me and the orchestra for the second half – Stian Aareskjold and Torgeir Haara, who had played angelically from the organ loft in the first half. (They played from iPads controlled by foot pedals.) So I could see the movement of choir and players as they performed, and there was a distinct bounce in some of the numbers, particularly in “His Yoke is Easy”. Perhaps the presence of saxes played by jazz musicians, who (unlike most classical musicians) move in time to their playing, led to this. Mr Aareskjold is the son of a trumpeter and the grandson of a trombone player (the reverse of my own ancestry), and brass players are often crossover musicians. The Church acoustics were, as usual here, superb.

For the “Hallelujah” Chorus, only part of the audience stood. Until this performance, I had never heard of the action of standing being construed as showing support for monarchical systems of government, and, frankly, such an interpretation is ridiculous. One stands for the “Hallelujah” because it is a tradition to do so, even if a tradition started by a Hanoverian monarch. Like Karl Marx, I believe traditions are the collected errors of past generations. But, like Morton Feldman, I’ve realized in adulthood that errors are not necessarily always to be avoided.
The concert is available to listen until mid January 2015, via BBC Radio 3. The Ensemble hails from Halden, a town of just 30,000 people. It was nice that the people sitting near me also came from there, and had brought with them tourist brochures to entice us to visit the town. I took one, of course, as it gave to airy nothing a local habitation and a name.
And on the way out of the Middle Temple, in the offices of law-firm Gibson, Dunne & Crutcher in Temple Avenue, a late-working Friday evening team could be seen around a white board, making at least one observer envious of their camaraderie and collective efforts. How much fun it looked!

Earth moving in Folkestone

SSQ Festival 2014
Two life-changing concerts this weekend, both including Finnish violin virtuoso, Pekka Kuusisto, and both in Folkestone as part of the annual Sacconi Quartet’s Chamber Music Festival.

The first was a  concert in St. Mary and St. Eanswythe’s Church that included the Sacconi Quartet and the Chamber Orchestra of the Royal College of Music. With PK, they performed Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, and knowing they would was the main reason for my attendance.  PK’s recording of Vivaldi is the most exciting and thrilling I know.  But this live performance was on another plane entirely.  Usually The Seasons are twee and effete and smugly complacent.  PK’s recording is not that, but rather raw and rustic.  (See my comments here.) The live performance, in contrast, was sharp and edgy, thrilling and exciting too but in a different way entirely to the recording.  If Vivaldi is usually suburban Barnet gemütlichkeit, then the recording is from the wild places of Cornwall or the Hebrides, and this performance was from the mean streets of Toxteth or Mile End.

PK’s playing as always was superb. He has an amazing ability to mimic the breathy tone of a flute, producing a sound sublime, something I have heard him do before in very different work.  Yet, at other times it was if he construed the violin as a percussion instrument, not hitting it with his hand but striking the strings in a multitude of carefully-calibrated ways with the bow.  Later, in the pub after the second concert, he agreed that this notion of the percussive violin described his intention.  Violinists often see the instrument as a sort of uncanny extension of themselves, and here was an extension that was brash, direct, and forceful – someone who is here to live out loud, in Zola’s great phrase.  How different to the twee Vivaldi of most other performances I have seen.

In addition, PK treated the work as a modern work, interpreting it afresh – moving around the stage, for example, to confront directly the other players in the various duets and rounds, having face-offs at various times, and interacting physically and with immediacy in accord with the temper of each phase of the music.  The other performers responded in kind to his enthusiasm.  The acoustics in the church were excellent, so that everything could be heard well.  This was certainly the best musical experience of my life, and I feel immensely privileged to have witnessed it.

The second concert followed straight afterwards, in the primary school across the street.  We were party to a violin and electronics meditation on Bach’s Partita in D minor, by PK and Teemu Korpipaa.  The movements of the Bach were played without modification by solo violin, and interleaved with duo improvisations on what we had just heard.  This was also sublime, and had the effect of elongating and deepening the emotions invoked by the Bach, an annotation that added to the original.  It was clear the two had worked together before, and so the annotations were profound and heartfelt.